The demand for economical and large-scale power backup systems is rapidly growing. However, the world has constructed much larger installations of solar and wind power systems. The currently available Lithium-ion batteries are more expensive options for such requirements. The other options such as pumped hydro need a specific landscape, but it isn’t always feasible or obtainable.
MIT researchers have now developed a new type of battery. It was completely developed using sufficient and cheap materials. The architecture of this new battery uses sulfur and aluminum as its 2 electrode materials with a liquid salt electrolyte. The research involves a Professor of MIT Donald Sandoway and 15 others from MIT, China, Kentucky, Canada, and Tennessee.
Sandoway said he needed to develop a much better option than lithium-ion batteries for limited power storage. Moreover, lithium-ion batteries feature a burnable electrolyte that makes them an unreliable option for transportation. Sandoway focused on studying the periodic table to find cheap and Earth-appreciable metals, especially as the alternative for lithium.
Iron is a Commercially Commanding Metal
He said the commercially commanding metal, iron, doesn’t feature the original electrochemical properties to develop a more effective battery. However, the 2nd richest metal in the marketplace is considered aluminum. The cheapest of all the non-metals is sulfur which is considered the 2nd electrode material. Sandoway added that they didn’t use flammable organic liquids due to the fact that they are dangerous.
So, the researchers used lithium-ion batteries in cars. They examined some materials but finished after finding a variety of melted salts with comparatively low melting spots. Materials melted close to the boiling point of water and it was against around 1K degrees Fahrenheit for salts. Batteries don’t need special insulation or hard measures when they get down to our body temperature.
Sulfur is a Cheaper Option than Aluminum
They examined 3 options and discovered that aluminum is a cheaper and readily available material. However, it isn’t different from the surface at the supermarket of sulfur. It is considered a trash material from processes such as massively available salts and petroleum refining. Sandoway said it is a much better material and is a safe option because it can’t burn.
The team of researchers discovered that battery cells can sustain hundreds of cycles at remarkably high charging rates. However, the projected cost per cell is around one-sixth when we compare it with lithium-ion cells. They found that the charging rate was more tentative at the working temperature of 230 degrees Fahrenheit. One of the major issues in battery reliability is the formation of dendrites.
Scientists have Discovered Chloro-Aluminate Salt
The dendrites feature narrow spikes of metal made on one electrode and ultimately grow to make contact with another electrode. It causes a short-circuit issue and degrades performance. However, this newly discovered salt is excellent to avoid the expected failure. They discovered that Chloro-aluminate salt efficiently terminates these runaway dendrites with fast charging capability.
The researchers used higher charging rates with charging in less than a minute. They found it didn’t lose cells because of dendrite shorting. The major focus of researchers was to find a salt with the lowest melting point. But they discovered that Chloro-aluminates are resistant to the shorting issue. However, the battery doesn’t need any external heat source to sustain its operating temperature.